Is India Signatory to Nagoya Protocol? The Nagoya Protocol is supplementary to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD). It is an important international treaty with India being a party to it. Environmental treaties and protocols are very important for the IAS exam. This protocol is a legal framework for the implementation of one of the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which is the fair & equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The protocol was adopted in 2010 in Nagoya, Japan. The objective of the protocol is the fair and equitable sharing of benefits coming from the utilization of genetic resources and helping in the conservation & sustainable usage of biodiversity. The protocol creates obligations for members to incorporate measures in respect of access to genetic resources, sharing of benefits, and compliance. It is one of the important environmental protocols of the world. The Nagoya Protocol is significant in terms of conservation of biodiversity, and for having an equitable sharing of benefits of the genetic resources. This is also intended to help indigenous peoples everywhere to avoid being exploited for their traditional knowledge and expertise. This protocol will help both the users and the owners of genetic resources by creating better legal certainty and transparency in the following ways: It sets more predictable conditions for access to genetic resources. It helps in having a better benefit-sharing experience when the genetic resources travel outside the country of origin. The parties to the protocol are obliged to take actions with respect to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing, and compliance. Access measures should have legal certainty, transparency, and clarity. The rules and procedures thereof should be fair and non-arbitrary. There should be clear rules for prior informed consent and mutually agreed to terms.